Cementitious roofing systems and methods

ABSTRACT

A roofing system constructed from cementitious materials that may be provided with various desired cosmetic appearances, some of which may resemble conventional roofing shingle patterns and the like. Methods for constructing roofing systems from cementitious materials shot under pressure through a hose are also disclosed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to roofing systems and methods and, moreparticularly, to systems and methods for constructing roofs forresidential and commercial structures from cementitious materials thatare capable of being applied through a hose under pressure and stamped,cut or carved to achieve a desired cosmetic appearance.

2. Description of the Invention Background

Over the years, a variety of different materials have been employed bythe construction industry to construct roofs for residential andcommercial buildings. One typical roof arrangement consists of a seriesof roof trusses that are erected on the walls of the structure. Rooftrusses are a pre-built series of structural members designed to carrythe load of the roof to the outside walls. In most residentialapplications, the structural members comprise wooden 2×4's or 2×6's. Inmany commercial applications, such structural members comprise metalC-shaped beams and the like. Sheathing material such as plywood,particle board, wafer board, etc. is then attached to the trusses andserves to form the roof surface. The sheathing is then commonly coveredwith a commercially available roofing or “felt” paper and shingles,tiles, wooden shakes or other commercial roofing materials are appliedover the roofing paper and sheathing to provide the roof with a desiredcosmetic appearance.

Although the trusses are designed to withstand anticipated wind andweight loads, the sheathing and shingles that are attached to thetrusses are vulnerable to damage from high winds and severe weather. Forexample, these commonly used materials are very vulnerable to winddamage when used on structures located in areas that encounterhurricanes, tornadoes and/or other severe storms. In addition, varioustypes of conventional roofing materials are susceptible to damage causedby walking on them when performing simple maintenance tasks on the roof.Moreover, the waterproofing qualities of such roofing materials declinewith age and generally have to be replaced every few years (in manycases, less than 15 years) after they have been installed.

In an effort to construct roofs that are less susceptible to damage fromsevere weather conditions and high winds and to reduce the amount ofmaintenance and repair and replacement work associated with conventionshingle-type roofing systems, cement materials have been employed. Onesuch approach involved the use of reinforced concrete poured onto sheetsof steel decking material supported on frames constructed from steelbeams and support members. The installation costs associated with suchapproaches generally prevent their use in residential constructionapplications. Furthermore, such poured-in-place concrete/steel deckingroof arrangements lack the aesthetic appearance that can be attainedwhen utilizing conventional trusses, sheathing and shingles.

Other concrete or cement roofing systems suffer from similar problems.For example, another concrete roofing system involves the use of precastconcrete or cement panels that are formed offsite and then transportedto the building location. The costs associated with transporting thepanels to the building site can be significant. In addition, a cranemust be used to lift and maneuver the panels onto the trusses or otherframing structures. These panels are heavy and difficult to handle.Thus, these types of roofing systems are expensive, difficult to installand also lack the aesthetic appearance that can be attained when usingconventional shingles, tiles, etc.

Thus, as can be appreciated from the forgoing discussion, there is aneed for a roofing system that can withstand high winds and other severeweather conditions without experiencing the damage often encounteredwhen employing conventional shingles, tiles, etc., and yet maintain thecosmetic appearance of such tiles, shingles, etc.

There is yet another need for a roofing system fabricated utilizingcementitious materials without the need for cranes and the like that arecommonly employed when utilizing precast concrete roofing panels, etc.

There is another need for a roofing system that can be constructed withdesired cosmetic appearances that resemble various types of roofsconstructed utilizing conventional shingles, shakes, tiles, etc. but ismore durable than roofs constructed utilizing such conventionalmaterials.

SUMMARY

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided a roofing system that comprises sheathing material that isattached to a roof framing support structure. A waterproof barrier isapplied to an outer surface of the sheathing material and a rail systemis attached to the sheathing material. Cementitious material is appliedunder pressure onto the rail system and sheathing material such that therail system is embedded in the cementitious material. A cosmetic patternis formed into an outer surface of the cementitious material.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention there isprovided a roofing system that includes sheathing materials that aresupported on a roof framing support structure. Peel and stick materialis applied to the sheathing materials to form a waterproof barrierthereon. A plurality of elongated metal angles that each have a lowerleg and an upper leg are applied to the peel and stick material suchthat they are substantially parallel to each other and spaced from eachother at predetermined intervals. Each upper leg protrudes away from thepeel and stick material and has a plurality of cross-supports attachedthereto. The cross-supports extend transversely relative to the upperleg to which they are attached. A plurality of fasteners serve to attachthe lower leg of each elongated metal angle to the sheathing material. Agunite material is applied under pressure onto the plurality of metalangles and the peel and stick material on the sheathing material suchthat each of the metal angles is embedded in the gunite material. Thegunite material has a cosmetic pattern formed into an outer surfacethereof.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided a method of forming a roof surface that includes attachingsheathing material onto a support structure. The method also includeswaterproofing an exposed surface of the sheathing material and forming aroofing material support structure on the sheathing material. The methodfurther includes applying cementitious material under pressure onto thewaterproofed surface of the sheathing material and embedding the roofingmaterial support structure in the cementitious material. The method alsoincludes forming a shingle pattern in an outer surface of thecementitious material.

In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention thereis provided a method for constructing a roof on the walls of a buildingthat includes mounting a plurality of roof trusses on the walls andattaching sheathing material onto the plurality of roof trusses. Themethod also includes applying a waterproof barrier on an exposed surfaceof the sheathing material and attaching a plurality of rails to thesheathing material on top of the waterproof barrier. The method furtherincludes shooting gunite material under pneumatic pressure out of a hoseonto the sheathing material and plurality of rails and forming shinglepatterns in outer surfaces of the gunite material.

Accordingly, various embodiments of the invention provide solutions tothe shortcomings of other roofing systems and roof construction methods.Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, however,that these and other details, features and advantages will becomefurther apparent as the following detailed description proceeds.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying Figures, there are shown present embodiments of theinvention wherein like reference numerals are employed to designate likeparts and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a portion of a roof constructedaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the roof of FIG. 1 takenalong line 2-2 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional exploded assembly view of a portion of aroof constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a rail system of thepresent invention attached to a section of sheathing material;

FIG. 5 is an end view of a roof with an embodiment of a rail system ofthe present invention attached thereto;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view illustrating one method of applyingcementitious material to a roof constructed in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of portion of a roofconstructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a roof illustrating various steps ofconstructing a roof in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 9 is a top view of a stamp arrangement that may be used to form aportion of a shingle pattern into the outer surface of the cementitiousmaterial.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings for the purposes of illustrating thepresent embodiments of the invention only and not for the purposes oflimiting the same, FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a side 13 of aroof 10 constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of the roof 10taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1. In the embodiment depicted in theseFigures, the roof 10 includes a roof framing support structure 10′ that,in various embodiments, may comprise a series of conventional trusses 12that may be installed utilizing known construction methods andtechniques. See FIG. 2. Trusses 12 may be fabricated from wood, metal,etc. and be designed in accordance with the appropriate building codesto accommodate the anticipated loading and environmental conditions.

In one embodiment, the roof 10 further includes sheathing material 14such as ¾″ plywood, particle board, waffle board, etc. Such sheathingmaterial is commonly provided in 4′×8′ sheets 15 (FIG. 8) and isattached to the trusses 12 using appropriate fasteners such as nails,screws, etc. However, other sheathing materials and fasteners may beused.

After the sheathing material 14 has been fastened to the trusses 12 orother roof framing support structure, conventional “peel and stick”roofing material 16 is applied over the outer or “upward facing” surface14′ of sheathing 14 to form a substantially weatherproof barrier overthe outer surface 14′. See FIG. 3. Such peel and stick roofing material16 may be supplied in rolls that are 4′ wide and may be applied byremoving a paper backing from the material to expose its adhesivebacking for application onto the outer surface 14′ of the sheathingmaterial 14. In one embodiment, the peel and stick roofing material suchas that peel and stick roofing material manufactured by PolyglassU.S.A., Inc., of 150 Lyon Drive, Fernley, Nev. 89408 under the trademarkPOLYSTICK™ may be employed. However other conventional waterproofingroofing materials may be used to form a substantially waterproof barrieron the outer surface 14′ of the sheathing 14.

In one embodiment, the peel and stick roofing material 16 may be appliedto the outer surface 14′ of the sheathing 14 in a conventional mannerthat is somewhat similar to the method employed when installing roofer'sfelt paper. That is, one strip 17 of peel and stick roofing material 16is applied on the outer surface 14′ adjacent the along the lower edge 11of the roof structure 10. The next strip 17′ of roofing material 16 isapplied adjacent to the first strip 17 of roofing material 16 and may bearranged to overlap the upper edge of the first strip 17 a slightamount, e.g., approximately 6 inches (distance “A” in FIG. 3).Subsequent additional strips 17″, 17′″, etc. of the roofing material 16are applied to the sheathing material 14 in this manner until the outersurface 14′ of the sheathing materials 14 forming an entire side 13 ofthe roof structure 10 is covered by the roofing material 16. The readerwill appreciate that such method of overlapping the strips 17, 17′, 17″,17′″, etc. of roofing material 16 prevents water from infiltrating underthe roofing material 16 at the seams between the respective strips ofroofing material 16. Thus, at this point, the outer surface of the roof10 is substantially waterproof.

Various embodiments of the present invention also employ a unique andnovel roofing material support structure generally designated as 20.More specifically and with reference to FIGS. 1-5, in one embodiment,the support structure 20 comprises a plurality of rails 22 attached tothe sheathing 14 in a predetermined spacing arrangement as will bediscussed in further detail below. In one embodiment, the rails 22comprise 2″×2½″ galvanized metal angles 23 (i.e., distance “B” isapproximately 2 ½″ and distance “C” is approximately 2″). See FIG. 4.The reader will understand, however, that rails 22 could conceivablycomprise other sizes of angle or other shaped members without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the present invention. Rails 22 may also befabricated from other suitable materials such as stainless steel, orother structural members fabricated from, for example, vinyl or otherpolymeric materials. As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 6, each length ofangle 23 has a series of cross-supports 30 attached thereto atpredetermined intervals. In one embodiment, for example, thecross-supports 30 comprise ¼″ diameter galvanized metal dowels or rods.In other embodiments, the cross-supports 30 may be fabricated from othersuitable members. The cross-supports 30 may be transversely attached tothe upper leg 24 of the corresponding angle member 23 by inserting eachcross-support 30 through a corresponding hole 25 in the upper leg 24.See FIG. 4. The cross-supports 30 may be retained in position by virtueof an interference fit between the cross-support 30 and the hole 25 orit may be retained in position by welding or other suitable fasteningmeans.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the cross-supports 30 may be located above thelower leg 26 a distance “D”. In one embodiment, distance “D” isapproximately 1⅛ inches (the centerline of the cross-support isapproximately half way up the leg 24). However, the cross-supports couldbe located at other distances above the lower leg 26 without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the present invention. The cross-supports30 may also protrude out from each side of the upper leg a distance “E”.In one embodiment, for example, distance “E” may be approximately 2″when the angles 23 are spaced from each other a distance “F”. See FIG.3. However, other lengths of cross-supports could be used. In oneembodiment, the angles 23 are attached to the sheathing material 14 androofing material 16) such that each angle 23 is located on acorresponding seam 19 between adjacent strips 17,17′, 17″,17′″, etc. ofroofing material 16. Thus, for applications wherein the roofing material16 is approximately 4′ wide, the angles 23 will be spaced approximately4′ from each other going up a side 13 of the roof structure 10. That is,in that application, distance “F” would be approximately 4′. See FIG. 3.However, other spacing arrangements could be employed.

As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the lower legs 26 of the angles 23 maybe attached to the sheathing material 14 by conventional fasteners suchas ½″×¾″ galvanized lag screws 28 arranged at, for example, 3′ “oncenter”. However, other fasteners and fastener arrangements could beused to attached the angles 23 to the sheathing 14. To assist with theinstallation of the angles 23, an adhesive material 29 such asconventional mastic adhesive materials may be applied to the lower leg26 of each angle 23 to adhere the angle 23 to the roofing material 16 inthe desired location during installation of fasteners 28. The readerwill understand that the angles 23 on the lower edges of the sheathing14 forming the bottom edge 11 of the roof are only provided with the onehalf of the cross-supports 30 that extend upward. See FIGS. 1, 2 and 5.

After the desired number of angles 23 have been attached to thesheathing 14 as shown in FIGS. 1-5, a cementitious material 40 may beapplied to the roof. As used herein, the term “cementitious material”refers to flowable concrete, cement or mortar material that can beconveyed (“shot”) through a hose under pressure and includes, but is notlimited to, material commonly referred to in the industry as “gunite” or“shotcrete” that is commonly pneumatically projected through a hose. Thegunite material 40 may be projected at pressures from approximately 125to 150 psi, depending upon the application. Unlike conventional concretewhich is commonly poured in place and then compacted in a secondoperation, gunite undergoes the placement and compaction actionssimultaneously due to the force with which it is projected from the hosenozzle. Such material tends to be more dense, homogeneous, strong andwaterproof that other concrete materials and results in a very dense andimpervious mass with significant compressive strength. For example,after the gunite material 40 has cured, it may be have a 4500 PSIcompressive strength depending upon the particular application. In oneembodiment, a commercially available waterproofing additive may be addedto the gunite material 40 prior to application to improve waterproofqualities thereof. Gunite is a product of the guniting process. Gunite,when applied under pressure, has no cold joint. This means that it canstop and start again without cracking at the joint.

In one embodiment, gunite material 40 is “shot” under pneumatic pressureonto the roof and rail arrangement at 125-150 PSI through a hose 42attached to a conventional “through batch” truck 44. See FIG. 6. It isconceivable, however, that the gunite material 40 may also be applied atother pressures depending upon the jobsite specific needs. The use ofsuch trucks enables the gunite material 40 to be shot onto the roof 10under pressure thereby eliminating the need for a crane or otherequipment for lifting heavy preformed concrete panels associated withother concrete roofing systems. In various methods of the presentinvention, an operator 46 remains at the truck 44 to add bags ofPortland cement material to the truck wherein it is mixed with sterilesand and water. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention,1 bag of Portland cement is mixed with 4 bags of sterile sand and anappropriate amount of water to achieve a final product that has acompressive strength of, for example, on the order of 4500 PSI. Forsteeper roof applications, less water may be used in the mixture.

In an embodiment, a hose operator 48 stands on the roof 10 and controlsthe hose nozzle to shoot the gunite material 40 under pressure onto thesheathing 14 and rail system 20 on each side 13 of the roof 10. The railsystem 20 also provides the hose operator 48 with a convenient supportstructure to prevent the operator from slipping off the roof. In oneapplication method, the operator 48 applies the gunite material 40 ontoone side 13 of the roof 10, beginning at the top of that side 13 andworking down to the bottom edge 11 of that side 13. The last amount ofgunite material 40 may be shot onto the lower portion of the roof fromthe ground or scaffolding, depending upon the nature of the surroundinggrade and landscape.

The gunite material 40 is applied to cover or embed the rail system 20and is smoothed to provide it with a substantially constant thickness ofapproximately 2½″. In an embodiment, the gunite material 40 is smoothedto have a consistent thickness by a screed board. The screed board maybe configured to carve a portion of the desired cosmetic pattern intothe smoothed material. After the gunite material 40 has been applied toone side 13 of the roof 10, the operators move to another side 13 of theroof 10 and apply the gunite material 40 thereto in the same manner.This process is repeated until the entire roof has been completed. Thegunite material 40 is also used to form a roof cap 49 between sectionsof roof as shown in FIG. 2. Each roof section, however, is of one-piececonstruction. In one embodiment, the gunite material 40 generally driesor hardens to a consistency that enables it to be cut or carvedapproximately two hours after it has been applied to the roof.

In one application, after the material 40 has dried, in one embodiment,it may be stamped, cut or carved to resemble an overlapping shinglepattern, generally designated as 50. As can be seen in FIG. 7, in oneembodiment, the peak 54 or highest part of a single shingle pattern 52may be approximately 2½″ (distance “G”) and the valley 56 (lowest part)may be approximately ¾″ (distance “H”). Each row 51 of shingle pattern52 may be approximately 12″ wide (distance “I”) such that a total of 4rows 51 of shingle patterns 52 extend between each angle 23. In oneembodiment, the desired shingle pattern may be formed in the followingmanner.

During the screeding process, the screed board or screed tool may beconfigured to carve into the material 40 the horizontally extendingpeaks 54. Thus, the screed board or tool may be so configured that itremoves the material between respective peak lines 54. This removedmaterial is represented by the phantom lines 57 in FIG. 7. Thevertically extending lines 58 of the shingle pattern and the lines 60may be formed into the material 40 utilizing a stamping process.

FIG. 9 illustrates a stamp 200 that could be employed to stamp thevertical lines 58, 60 into the material 40. Such stamps 200 may befabricated from, for example, rubber or other suitable material and maybe sized so they may extend between adjacent rails 22. The stamp 200 mayhave a series of vertically protruding central portions 210 that areused to form the lines 58 in the material 40. The end portions 220 ofthe stamp are used to form the lines 60 in the material 40. In oneembodiment, the end portions 220 protrude downward a distance that islonger than the distance in which the central portions 210 protrude suchthat, when the stamp 200 is placed onto the material such that thebottom portion 212 of the stamp 200 extends from a lower rail 22 and theupper portion 214 of the stamp 200 is received on the adjacent upperrail 22, and the central portion 216 of the stamp is pressed into thematerial 40, the lines 58 created by the central portions 212 areshallower than the lines 60 that are created by the end portions 220.For example, in one embodiment the lines 58 may have a depth (e.g.,approximately ¼-⅜″ depth) that is approximately 10-15% of the greatestdepth of the material 40 and the lines 60 may have a depth that isapproximately one half of the greatest depth of the material (e.g.,approximately 1¼″ deep). Such arrangement permits the lines 60 toaccommodate expansion and contraction of the material 40. See FIG. 1.The stamp 200 may be configured such that the lines or expansion joints60 may be provided every 4′ along the length of the roof (distance “J”in FIG. 1) and be staggered up the roof so that the expansion joints 60extending between two angles 23 are not aligned with the expansionjoints 60 in the adjacent sections of gunite material 40. See FIG. 1.However, other expansion joint spacing arrangements may be employed.

The conventional shingle pattern 50 depicted in FIGS. 1-3, 7, and 8 isjust one cosmetic pattern that may be cut or carved into the gunitematerial 40. The reader will understand that other shingle arrangements,patterns, sizes and shapes may be stamped, cut or carved into the gunitematerial 40 without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentinvention. For example, shake-like patterns, scalloped shingle patterns,elongated shingles, narrow shingles, etc. may be stamped, cut or carvedinto the gunite material 40 to provide the roof structure with thedesired cosmetic appearance. Also, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7,the upper leg 24 of each angle 23 is completely embedded in the gunitematerial 40. However, a different cosmetic appearance could be achievedby permitting the upper end of the upper leg 24 of one or more of theangles 23 to be uncoated with gunite material 40 to make it exposed. Invarious embodiments of the subject invention, concrete additives suchas, for example, commercially available color dies, hardening agents,elastizers, etc. may be added to the gunite material 40 prior to beingshot onto the roof to provide the gunite material 40 with desiredattributes and/or color. In addition, a conventional sealant materialsuch as a Xylene based sealant may be applied to the material after thepattern has been formed. Such sealant material may be applied bysprayers, rollers, etc.

In the unlikely event that a portion of the roof system is damaged,various embodiments of the present invention may be repaired, forexample, by removing an area back to a stamped joint 60 or rail, thenrebuild roof sheathing and reshooting new material into the area andrestamping, cutting and/or carving the desired pattern.

FIG. 8 is a top view of a roof system of the present invention thatillustrates one method for installing a roofing system embodiment of thepresent invention. As can be seen in that Figure, section 100 of theroof illustrates the application of 4′×8′ sheets 15 of sheathingmaterials 14. Section 110 of the roof illustrates the next step ofapplying strips 17, 17′, 17″, 17′″ of the roofing material 16 in anoverlapping fashion. Section 120 illustrates the application of the railsystem 20 on top of the strips 17, 17′, 17″, 17′″ of roofing material16. Section 130 of the roof illustrates the gunite material 40 after adesired pattern 50 has been stamped, cut or carved therein.

The various embodiments of the subject invention represent vastimprovements over prior roofing systems and most particularly over priorroofing systems that employ cement or concrete. The unique and novelaspects of the various embodiments of the roofing system of the presentinvention provide the advantages commonly associated with prior concreteroofing systems without the associated costs and without sacrificingcosmetic appearance. The essentially one-piece roof constructioneliminates the problems associated with prior roofing arrangements thatmay employ thousands of separate shingles, shakes, etc. which can beblown off by high winds. Furthermore, a variety of different cosmeticappearances may be attained in the essentially one-piece roof structureswithout sacrificing durability and the roof's ability to withstand highwinds, etc. Thus, various embodiments of the present invention will findparticular utility in those geographic areas that commonly experiencesevere weather and high winds. In addition, the roofing systems of thepresent invention will last longer and require less maintenance thanroofs manufactured utilizing conventional shingles, slate, shakes andother conventional roofing materials.

The invention which is intended to be protected is not to be construedas limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. The embodiments aretherefore to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.Variations and changes may be made by others without departing from thespirit of the present invention. Accordingly, it is expressly intendedthat all such equivalents, variations and changes which fall within thespirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims beembraced thereby.

1. A roofing system, comprising: sheathing material attached to a roofframing support structure; a waterproof barrier on said sheathingmaterial; a rail system attached to said sheathing material; andcementitious material applied under pressure onto said rail system andsheathing material such that said rail system is embedded in saidcementitious material, said cementitious material having a cosmeticpattern formed into an outer surface thereof.
 2. The roofing system ofclaim 1 wherein said rail system comprises: at least one elongatedsupport member attached to said sheathing material such that a portionof said elongated support member protrudes away from said sheathingmaterial; and a plurality of cross-supports attached to said portion ofsaid elongated support member and extending transversely relativethereto.
 3. The roofing system of claim 2 wherein each said elongatedsupport member comprises an angle.
 4. The roofing system of claim 2wherein each said elongated support member is attached to said sheathingmaterial by a plurality of mechanical fasteners.
 5. The roofing systemof claim 4 wherein each said elongated support member is attached to thewaterproof barrier by adhesive.
 6. The roofing system of claim 1 whereinsaid cementitious material comprises gunite.
 7. The roofing system ofclaim 6 further comprising a color additive material in said gunite toprovide said gunite material with a desired color.
 8. The roofing systemof claim 1 wherein said waterproof barrier is formed from at least onestrip of peel and stick roofing material applied to said sheathingmaterial.
 9. The roofing system of claim 1 wherein said cosmetic patterncomprises a pattern resembling patterns of conventional roofing shinglematerials.
 10. The roofing system of claim 3 wherein a portion of anupper leg of at least one said angle is not embedded in saidcementitious material.
 11. The roofing system of claim 1 wherein saidroof framing support structure comprises a plurality of roof trussessupported on at least two spaced wall structures.
 12. The roofing systemof claim 11 wherein said roof trusses are fabricated from materialselected from the group of materials consisting of metal and wood. 13.The roofing system of claim 1 further comprising at least one expansionjoint in said cementitious material.
 14. A roofing system comprising:sheathing materials supported on a roof framing support structure; peeland stick material applied to said sheathing materials to form awaterproof barrier thereon; a plurality of elongated angles, each saidangle having a lower leg applied to said peel and stick material suchthat said elongated angles are substantially parallel to each other andspaced from each other at predetermined intervals, each said anglehaving an upper leg protruding away from said peel and stick materialand having a plurality of cross-supports attached thereto, saidcross-supports extending transversely relative to said upper leg towhich they are attached; a plurality of fasteners attaching said lowerleg of each said elongated angle to said sheathing material; and agunite material applied under pressure onto said plurality of angles andsaid peel and stick material on said sheathing material such that eachsaid angle is embedded in said gunite material, said gunite materialhaving a cosmetic pattern formed into an outer surface thereof.
 15. Amethod of forming a roof surface, comprising: attaching sheathingmaterial onto a support structure; waterproofing an exposed surface ofthe sheathing material; forming a roofing material support structure onthe sheathing material; applying cementitious material under pressureonto the waterproofed surface of the sheathing material and embeddingthe roofing material support structure in the cementitious material; andforming a shingle pattern in an outer surface of the cementitiousmaterial.
 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said waterproofing anexposed surface of the sheathing material comprises applying a peel andstick roofing material to the exposed surface of the sheathing material.17. The method of claim 15 wherein said forming a roofing materialsupport structure on the sheathing material comprises attaching aplurality of angles on the sheathing material such that the angles aresubstantially parallel to each other and are spaced from each other apredetermined distance.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein saidattaching a plurality of angles on the sheathing material comprises:adhering each of the angles onto the waterproofed exposed surface of thesheathing material; and affixing each of the angles to the sheathingmaterial with a plurality of fasteners.
 19. The method of claim 15wherein said applying a cementitious material comprises shooting gunitematerial under pressure out of a hose onto the sheathing material androofing material support structure.
 20. The method of claim 19 furthercomprising leveling the gunite material to provide the gunite materialon the sheathing material with a substantially consistent thickness. 21.The method of claim 20 further comprising permitting the leveled guniteto dry to a consistency wherein the shingle pattern can be formed in theouter surface thereof.
 22. The method of claim 15 wherein said formingcomprises stamping the shingle pattern into the outer surface.
 23. Themethod of claim 21 wherein said forming comprises cutting the shinglepattern in the outer surface of the dried gunite.
 24. The method ofclaim 15 further comprising providing at least one expansion joint insaid cementitious material.
 25. The method of claim 24 wherein saidproviding at least one expansion joint in said cementitious materialcomprises stamping the at least one expansion joint in the cementitiousmaterial.
 26. The method of claim 15 wherein said forming a shinglepattern in an outer surface of the cementitious material comprises:screeding at least one portion of the shingle pattern into the outersurface of the cementitious material; and stamping at least one otherportion of the shingle pattern into the outer surface,
 27. The method ofclaim 17 further comprising forming expansion joints in the cementitiousmaterial located between the angles.
 28. A method for constructing aroof on the walls of a building, said method comprising: mounting aplurality of roof trusses on the walls; attaching sheathing materialonto the plurality of roof trusses; applying a waterproof barrier on anexposed surface of the sheathing material; attaching a plurality ofrails to the sheathing material on top of the waterproof barrier;shooting gunite material under pneumatic pressure out of a hose onto thesheathing material and plurality of rails; and forming shingle patternsin outer surfaces of the gunite material.